Investigating the Impact of US-Israeli Strikes on Iran’s Nuclear Programme

In the early hours of June 13, Israeli missiles slammed into apartment buildings across the Iranian capital, Tehran. By morning, it became apparent that nine men Israel said were closely associated with the country’s nuclear programme were dead. Videos posted to social media showed buildings in flames and rescue workers sifting through rubble as they looked for survivors.

Dozens of civilians who lived in the same apartment blocks as those targeted also died in the strikes. In one instance, a 14-storey residential tower completely collapsed. But this was just the start, the opening shots of what Israel dubbed Operation Rising Lion – a 12-day operation targeting Iranian scientists, nuclear sites, security figures and military capabilities.

While Iran sought to fight back, launching missiles